Country · ES

Spain (España) in other languages: exonyms, flag, ISO codes, regions

Spain is España in Spanish, officially Reino de España (Kingdom of Spain), coded ES, ESP and 724. Its name appears here in 112 languages, with Madrid, Barcelona, the Arabic names of 94 Spanish towns and the 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities with their ISO 3166-2 codes.

Official languagesSpanish; Basque, Catalan (Valencian), Galician and Aranese co-official in their regions

Checked 5 November 2026

ISO 3166-1alpha-2 · alpha-3 · numeric

ratio 2:3

alpha-2: ES
alpha-3: ESP
numeric: 724

España Spanish · Latin

Reino de España

English: SpainKingdom of Spain
Capital: MadridMadrid

ISO 3166-1, checked 28 October 2026

01 · Exonyms

Spain in other languages: list of exonyms

Spain in 112 languages, grouped where the spelling is shared, with ISO 639-2 codes and romanisation
Languages	ISO 639-2	Name	Romanised
English, Hausa	eng / hau	Spain	same as written
Afrikaans, West Frisian, Dutch	afr / fry / nld	Spanje	same as written
Corsican, Italian, Romansh	cos / ita / roh	Spagna	same as written
Danish, German, Swedish	dan / deu / swe	Spanien	same as written
Faroese, Norwegian, Romanian	fao / nor / ron	Spania	same as written
Catalan, Tagalog	cat / tgl	Espanya	same as written
French, Walloon	fra / wln	Espagne	same as written
Galician, Spanish	glg / spa	España	same as written
Kinyarwanda, Rundi	kin / run	Ubuspanyori	same as written
Northern Sotho, Samoan	nso / smo	Sepania	same as written
Azerbaijani	aze	İspaniya	same as written
Bambara	bam	Ɛsipanyi	same as written
Breton	bre	Spagn	same as written
Czech	ces	Španělsko	same as written
Cornish	cor	Spayn	same as written
Welsh	cym	Sbaen	same as written
Esperanto	epo	Hispanujo, Hispanio	same as written
Estonian	est	Hispaania	same as written
Basque	eus	Espainia	same as written
Finnish	fin	Espanja	same as written
Scottish Gaelic	gla	an Spàinn	same as written
Irish	gle	an Spáinn	same as written
Hawaiian	haw	Kepania	same as written
Croatian	hrv	Španjolska	same as written
Hungarian	hun	Spanyolország	same as written
Igbo	ibo	Spen	same as written
Indonesian	ind	Spanyol	same as written
Icelandic	isl	Spánn	same as written
Kurdish	kur	Îspanya, Spanya	same as written
Latin	lat	Hispania	same as written
Latvian	lav	Spānija	same as written
Lithuanian	lit	Ispanija	same as written
Luxembourgish	ltz	Spuenien	same as written
Malagasy	mlg	Espana	same as written
Maltese	mlt	Spanja	same as written
Maori	mri	Peina	same as written
Malay	msa	Sepanyol	same as written
Northern Ndebele	nde	iSipeyini	same as written
Papiamentu	pap	Spaña	same as written
Polish	pol	Hiszpania	same as written
Portuguese	por	Espanha	same as written
Slovak	slk	Španielsko	same as written
Slovenian	slv	Španija	same as written
Sami	smi	Spánia	same as written
Somali	som	Isbeyn	same as written
Albanian	sqi	Spanjë	same as written
Sardinian	srd	Spannya	same as written
Swahili	swa	Uhispania	same as written
Tongan	ton	Sipeini	same as written
Tswana	tsn	Sepaine	same as written
Turkmen	tuk	Ispaniýa	same as written
Turkish	tur	İspanya	same as written
Uzbek	uzb	Ispaniya	same as written
Vietnamese	vie	Tây Ban Nha	same as written
Xhosa	xho	iSpeyini	same as written
Zulu	zul	iSpaniya	same as written
Abaza, Southern Altai, Bashkir, Bulgarian, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Khakas, Komi, Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Russian	abq / alt / bak / bul / kaa / kaz / kir / kjh / kom / krc / kum / rus	Испания	Ispanija
Chechen, Chuvash, Mongolian, Ossetian	che / chv / mon / oss	Испани	Ispani
Belarusian	bel	Іспанія, Гішпанія	Ispanija, Hišpanija
Kabardian	kbd	Испание	Ispanie
Macedonian	mkd	Шпанија	Španija
Serbian	srp	Шпанија	Španija
Tajik	tgk	Испониё, Испания	Isponijo, Ispanija
Ukrainian	ukr	Іспанія	Ispanija
Arabic	ara	اسبانيا / إسبانيا, اسبانيا / أسبانيا	Isbāniyā, Asbāniyā
Dari	dar	هسپانیه	Hespānīya
Persian	fas	اسپانیا, اسپانی	Espāniyā, Espānī
Pashto	pus	اسپانيا, اسپانيه	Ispāniyā, Ispāniya
Uyghur	uig	ئىسپانىيه	Ispaniyä
Urdu	urd	سپین, اسپین	Spen, Ispen
Dhivehi	div	ސްޕެއިން	Spe'in
Amharic	amh	እስጳንያ, ስጳንያ	Əsṗānyā, Sṗānyā
Hebrew	heb	ספרד	Səp̄āraḏ
Yiddish	yid	שפּאַניע	Španye
Greek	ell	Ισπανία	Ispanía
Armenian	hye	Իսպանիա	Ispania
Georgian	kat	ესპანეთი	Espaneṭi
Hindi	hin	स्पेन, इस्पैन	Spen, Ispæn
Bengali	ben	স্পেন	Spen
Tamil	tam	ஸ்பெயின்	Speyiṉ
Chinese	zho	西班牙	Xibanya
Japanese	jpn	スペイン	Supein
Korean	kor	스페인	Seupein
Burmese	mya	စပိန်	Sápeĩ
Thai	tha	สเปน	Sapēn

Arabic writes the initial vowel with or without hamza, so اسبانيا and إسبانيا are two spellings of one name. Belarusian gives an older form with h beside the standard one.

02 · NamesU+00D1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE

From Hispania to España and Sepanyol

España comes from Hispania, the name the Romans gave to the whole Iberian Peninsula. Where Hispania itself comes from is uncertain. The Phoenicians called the region i-shphan-im, which has been read as land of rabbits, land of metals or northern island, and coins struck there under Hadrian show a woman with a rabbit at her feet.

The Latin initial H survives in only a few of the names. Polish has Hiszpania, Estonian Hispaania, Esperanto Hispanujo, Swahili Uhispania and Latin keeps Hispania itself; Belarusian Гішпанія (Hišpanija) stands beside the standard Іспанія. Most other languages start with a vowel or with Sp-: Spanien, Spagna, Espagne, İspanya, Испания (Ispanija).

Malay writes Sepanyol and Indonesian Spanyol, and Hungarian Spanyolország adds ország, country, to the same stem. Hebrew stands apart with ספרד (Səp̄āraḏ), and Vietnamese uses Tây Ban Nha.

03 · Madrid

Madrid in other languages

Madrid in 33 languages, grouped where the spelling is shared
Languages	ISO 639-2	Name	Romanised
English, German, French, Spanish	eng / deu / fra / spa	Madrid	same as written
Icelandic, Tagalog	isl / tgl	Madríd	same as written
Esperanto	epo	Madrido	same as written
Estonian	est	Madriid	same as written
Basque	eus	Madril	same as written
Irish	gle	Maidrid	same as written
Latvian	lav	Madride	same as written
Lithuanian	lit	Madridas	same as written
Polish	pol	Madryt	same as written
Portuguese	por	Madri, Madrid	same as written
Bulgarian, Russian	bul / rus	Мадрид	Madrid
Belarusian	bel	Мадрыд	Madryd
Ukrainian	ukr	Мадрід, Мадрид	Madrid, Madryd
Arabic	ara	مجريط, مدريد	Maǧrīṭ, Madrīd
Persian	fas	مادرید, مجریط	Mādrīd, Maǧrīṭ
Pashto	pus	مېډريډ	Meḋrīḋ
Uyghur	uig	مادرىد	Madrid
Urdu	urd	میڈرڈ	Meiḋriḋ
Amharic	amh	ማድሪድ	Mādrid
Greek	ell	Μαδρίτη	Madrítē
Georgian	kat	მადრიდი	Madridi
Hindi	hin	मैड्रिड, मेड्रिड	Mæḍriḍ, Meḍriḍ
Bengali	ben	ম্যাড্রিড	Mæḍriḍ
Tamil	tam	மாட்ரிட்	Māṭriṭ
Chinese	zho	馬德里 / 马德里	Madeli
Japanese	jpn	マドリード	Madoriido
Korean	kor	마드리드	Madeurideu
Thai	tha	มาดริด	Mātrit

04 · Barcelona

Barcelona in other languages

Barcelona in 26 languages, grouped where the spelling is shared
Languages	ISO 639-2	Name	Romanised
English, Catalan, German, Spanish	eng / cat / deu / spa	Barcelona	same as written
Latvian, Lithuanian, Tagalog, Turkish	lav / lit / tgl / tur	Barselona	same as written
French	fra	Barcelone	same as written
Icelandic	isl	Barcelóna	same as written
Italian	ita	Barcellona	same as written
Maltese	mlt	Barċellona	same as written
Russian, Ukrainian	rus / ukr	Барселона	Barselona
Belarusian	bel	Барсэлона	Barsèlona
Arabic	ara	برشلونة, برجلونة	Baršalūna, Barǧalūna
Persian	fas	بارسلون, برشلونه	Bārselon, Baršalūne
Pashto	pus	بارسېلونا, برشلونه	Bārselonā, Baršalūna
Uyghur	uig	بارسېلونا	Barselona
Urdu	urd	بارسلونا	Bārsalonā
Greek	ell	Βαρκελώνη	Varkelṓnē
Georgian	kat	ბარსელონა	Barselona
Chinese	zho	巴塞隆納 / 巴塞隆纳	Basailongna
Japanese	jpn	バルセロナ	Baruserona
Korean	kor	바르셀로나	Bareusellona
Thai	tha	บาร์เซโลน่า	Bā[r]sēlōnā

05 · Arabic names

Spanish towns and their Arabic names

94 Spanish towns with their historic and modern Arabic names and romanisation
Town	Arabic	Romanised
Alange	الحنش	al-Ḥanaš
Albacete	البسيط, الباثيتي / ألباثيتي / الباثيتى / ألباثيتى, الباسيتي / ألباسيتي / الباسيتى / ألباسيتى, البسيتي / ألبسيتي / البسيتى / ألبسيتى	al-Basīṭ, Albāṯītī, Albāsītī, Albasītī
Albarracín	شنتمرية الشرق, شنتمرية الرزين, سهلة بني رزين	Šantamarīyat aš-Šarq, Šantamarīyat ar-Razīn, Sahlat Banī Razīn
Alcira	جزيرة شقر	Ǧazīrat Šuqr
Algeciras	الجزيرة الخضراء	al-Ǧazīra al-Ḫaḍrā'
Alhama	الحمة	al-Ḥamma
Alhándega	الخندق	al-Ḫandaq
Alicante	لقنت	Laqant
Almería	المرية	al-Marīya
Almodóvar	المدور	al-Mudawwar
Alpuente	البنت, البونت	al-Bunt, al-Būnt
Arcos	اركوش / أركوش	Arkūš
Archidona	ارجذونة / أرجذونة, ارشذونة / أرشذونة	Urǧuḏūna / Arǧuḏūna / Arǧiḏūna, Uršuḏūna / Aršiḏūna
Arnedo	ارنيط / أرنيط	Arnīṭ
Badajoz	بطليوس, باداخوث, باداخوز, باداخوس	Baṭalyaws, Bādāḫūṯ, Bādāḫūz, Bādāḫūs
Baeza	بياسة	Bayyāsa
Baza	بسطة	Basṭa
Bobastro	ببشترو	Bubaštrū
Boltaña	بربتانية	Barbitāniya
Burgos	برغش, بورغوس, بورجوس	Burġuš, Būrġūs, Būrgūs
Cabra	قبرة	Qabra
Cádiz	قادس, كاديث	Qādis, Kādīṯ
Calahorra	قلهرة	Qalahurra
Calatayud	قلعة ايوب, كالاتايود	Qalʿat Ayyūb, Kālātāyūd
Calatrava	قلعة رباح, كالاترافا, كالترافا	Qalʿat Rabāḥ, Kālātrāfā, Kālatrāfā
Calsena	قلشانة	Qalšāna
Carmona	قرمونة, كارمونا, كرمونا	Qarmūna, Kārmūnā, Karmūnā
Cartagena	قرطاجنة, قرطاجنة الحلفاء, كرتاخينا, كارتاخينا, كرتاخينا	Qarṭāǧanna, Qarṭāǧannat al-Ḥalfā', Kartāḫīnā, Kārtāḫīnā, Kartāḫīnā
Constantina	قسطنطينة	Qusṭanṭīna
Córdoba	قرطبة	Qurṭuba
Coria	قورية	Qūriya / Qawriya
Covadonga	صخرة بلاي / صخرة بلاى	Ṣaḫrat Bilāy
Cuenca	قونكة, قونقة, كونكة, كونكا, كنكة, كوينكا	Qūnka, Qūnqa, Kūnka, Kūnkā, Kunka, Kuwīnkā
Chinchilla	جنجالة, جينجالة	Ǧanǧāla, Ǧīnǧālla
Denia	دانية	Dāniya
Écija	استجة / إستجة	Istiǧǧa
Elche	الش / ألش	Alš
Elvira	البيرة / إلبيرة	Ilbīra
Énova	يانبة	Yānuba
Gerona	جرندة	Ǧarunda
Granada	غرناطة	Ġarnāṭa
Guadalajara	وادي الحجارة / وادى الحجارة	Wādī al-Ḥiǧāra
Huelva	ولبة	Walba
Huesca	وشقة	Wašqa
Jaén	جيان	Ǧayyān
Játiva / Xàtiva	شاطبة	Šāṭiba
Jerez de la Frontera	شريش	Šarīš
Jerez de los Caballeros	شريشة	Šarīša
Las Navas de Tolosa	العقاب	al-ʿIqāb
León	ليون	Liyūn
Lérida	لاردة, ليريدا	Lārida, Līrīdā
Loja	لوشة	Lawša
Lorca	لورقة	Lūrqa / Lawraqa
Lucena	اليسانة	al-Yussāna
Málaga	مالقة, مالاغا	Mālaqa, Mālāġā
Medinaceli	مدينة سالم	Madīnat Sālim
Medina Sidonia	مدينة شدونة, مدينة شذونة	Madīnat Šadūna, Madīnat Šaḏūna
Mérida	ماردة, ميريدا	Mārida, Mīrīdā
Morón	مورور	Mawrūr
Murcia	مرسية, مورسيا	Mursiya, Mūrsiyā
Nájera	ناجرة	Nāǧira
Niebla	لبلة	Labla
Oreto	اريط / أريط	Urīṭ
Orihuela	اريولة / أريولة, اوريولة / أوريولة	Uryūla, Ūryūla
Palma de Mallorca	بالما دي ميورقة / بالما دى ميورقة	Bālmā dī Mayūriqa
Pamplona	بنبلونة	Banbalūna
Pechina	بجانة	Baǧǧāna
Ronda	رندة, روندة	Runda, Rūnda
Rueda de Jalón	روطة	Rūṭa
Sagrajas	الزلاقة	az-Zallāqa
Salamanca	شلمنقة, شلمنتقة	Šalamanqa, Šalamantiqa
San Roque	قرطاجنة الجزيرة, سان روكي / سان روكى	Qarṭāǧannat al-Ǧazīra, Sān Rūkī
Santa María de Alarcos	الارك / الأرك	al-Arak
Santaver	شنتبرية	Šantabarīya
Santiago de Compostela	شانت ياقوب, سانتياغو دي كومبوستيلا / سانتياغو دى كومبوستيلا, سانتياغو دي كومبستيلا / سانتياغو دى كومبستيلا, سانتياجو دى كومبوستيلا, سانتياجو دى كومبستيلا	Šānt Yāqūb, Sāntiyāġū dī Kūmbūstīlā, Sāntiyāġū dī Kūmbustīlā, Sāntiyāgū dī Kūmbūstīlā, Sāntiyāgū dī Kūmbustīlā
Segovia	شقوبية, سيغوفيا	Šaqūbiya, Sīġūfiyā
Segura	شقورة	Šaqūra
Sevilla	اشبيلية / إشبيلية	Išbīliya
Simancas	شانت مانكش, شنت مانكش, شنت منكش	Šānt Mānkaš, Šant Mānkaš, Šant Mankaš
Tacarona	تاكرنا	Tākurunnā
Talavera de la Reina	طلبيرة	Ṭalabīra / Ṭalabayra
Tarazona	طرسونة	Ṭarasūna
Tarifa	طريفة, طريف	Ṭarīfa, Ṭarīf
Tarragona	طراكونة, تاراغونا	Ṭarrākūna, Tārrāġūnā
Teruel	تيروال	Tīrwāl
Toledo	طليطلة, طوليدو, توليدو	Ṭulayṭula, Ṭūlīdū, Tūlīdū
Tortosa	طرطوشة, تورتوسا	Ṭurṭūša, Tūrtūsā
Tudela	تطيلة	Tuṭīla
Úbeda	ابذة / أبذة, ابدة / أبدة, ابذة العرب / أبذة العرب, ابدة العرب / أبدة العرب	Ubbaḏa, Ubbada, Ubbaḏat al-ʿArab, Ubbadat al-ʿArab
Uclés	اوقليج / أوقليج, اقليش / أقليش	Ūqlīǧ, Uqlīš
Valencia	بلنسية, فالينسيا, فالنسيا	Balansiya, Fālīnsiyā, Fālinsiyā
Vera	بيرة	Bayra
Zamora	سمورة	Sammūra
Zaragoza	سرقسطة, ثاراغوثا, ثارغوثا, ساراغوسا, ساراجوسا	Saraqusṭa, Ṯārāġūṯā, Ṯāraġūṯā, Sārāġūsā, Sārāgūsā

Where several forms are given, the historic name of al-Andalus comes first and modern Arabic transcriptions of the Spanish name follow. Slashes separate spellings that differ only in hamza or final yāʾ.

06 · al-AndalusU+062C ARABIC LETTER JEEM

Arabic names behind Spanish places

For many towns the Arabic name of al-Andalus is the source of the Spanish one. Guadalajara is وادي الحجارة (Wādī al-Ḥiǧāra), Medinaceli مدينة سالم (Madīnat Sālim), Algeciras الجزيرة الخضراء (al-Ǧazīra al-Ḫaḍrā') and Alcira جزيرة شقر (Ǧazīrat Šuqr). Read side by side, the Spanish spelling often shows the Arabic article al- fused into the name.

Modern Arabic writes many of the same towns a second time, as a transcription of today's Spanish name. Málaga is historic مالقة (Mālaqa) and modern مالاغا (Mālāġā), Mérida ماردة (Mārida) and ميريدا (Mīrīdā). Madrid has the historic مجريط (Maǧrīṭ) next to مدريد (Madrīd), and Persian lists both forms as well.

Modern transcription is far from settled. Cuenca appears in six spellings, from قونكة (Qūnka) to كوينكا (Kuwīnkā), and Zaragoza in five, among them the historic سرقسطة (Saraqusṭa) and the modern ثاراغوثا (Ṯārāġūṯā) and ساراجوسا (Sārāgūsā).

07 · Communities

Autonomous communities and cities of Spain with ISO 3166-2 codes

Spain has 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities on the North African coast, Ceuta and Melilla. ISO 3166-2 codes them at the first level and the 50 provinces at the second. Six communities that consist of a single province received codes of their own in 2010; until then they shared the code of their province, which stands under the new one.

Spain, ISO 3166-2:ES: 17 autonomous communities, 2 autonomous cities
ISO 3166-2	Spanish	English	Administrative centre	Change
Autonomous communities comunidades autónomas17
ES-AN	Andalucía	Andalusia	SevillaSeville
ES-AR	Aragón	Aragon	ZaragozaZaragoza
ES-ASwas ES-O	Principado de Asturias	Principality of Asturias	OviedoOviedo	2010 Own code; until then the code of its single province
ES-CN	Canarias	Canary Islands	Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Las Palmas de Gran CanariaSanta Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (shared)
ES-CBwas ES-S	Cantabria	Cantabria	SantanderSantander	2010 Own code; until then the code of its single province
ES-CL	Castilla y León	Castile and León	ValladolidValladolid
ES-CM	Castilla-La Mancha	Castile-La Mancha	ToledoToledo
ES-CT	Cataluña	Catalonia	BarcelonaBarcelona
ES-EX	Extremadura	Extremadura	MéridaMérida
ES-GA	Galicia	Galicia	Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela
ES-IBwas ES-PM	Islas Baleares	Balearic Islands	PalmaPalma	2002 Code changed to end a duplicate with the province
ES-RIwas ES-LO	La Rioja	La Rioja	LogroñoLogroño	2010 Own code; until then the code of its single province
ES-MDwas ES-M	Comunidad de Madrid	Community of Madrid	MadridMadrid	2010 Own code; until then the code of its single province
ES-MCwas ES-MU	Región de Murcia	Region of Murcia	MurciaMurcia	2010 Own code; until then the code of its single province
ES-NCwas ES-NA	Comunidad Foral de Navarra	Chartered Community of Navarre	PamplonaPamplona	2010 Own code; until then the code of its single province
ES-PV	País Vasco	Basque Country	Vitoria-GasteizVitoria-Gasteiz
ES-VC	Comunidad Valenciana	Valencian Community	ValenciaValencia
Autonomous cities in North Africa ciudades autónomas2
ES-CE	Ceuta	Ceuta	CeutaCeuta
ES-ML	Melilla	Melilla	MelillaMelilla

Codes, names and changes: ISO 3166-2:ES on the ISO Online Browsing Platform and in Newsletters I-2 (2002) and II-1 (2010), read from the Wikipedia table that reproduces them, checked 28 October 2026. Capitals checked against the English Wikipedia article of each community on the same day; Valladolid and Toledo are de facto capitals, and the Canary Islands share theirs between two cities.

Provinces of every community

08 · Co-official names

Autonomous communities with names in Catalan, Galician and Basque

Six communities that ISO 3166-2 also lists in a regional language
Community	Language	Name in ISO 3166-2	Spanish form
Catalonia	Catalan	Catalunya	Cataluña
Balearic Islands	Catalan	Illes Balears	Islas Baleares
Valencian Community	Catalan (Valencian)	Comunitat Valenciana	Comunidad Valenciana
Galicia	Galician	Galicia	Galicia
Basque Country	Basque	Euskal Herria	País Vasco
Chartered Community of Navarre	Basque	Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea	Comunidad Foral de Navarra

For Catalonia and the Balearic Islands ISO gives the Catalan name as the main form, with the Spanish one in brackets for information. The Basque Country is also written Euskadi, its capital is Vitoria in Spanish and Gasteiz in Basque, Pamplona is Iruñea in Basque, and Valencia is València in Valencian.

09 · Languages and flagU+00C7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA

Four languages in the ISO list and the flag of Spain

Spanish is the official language of the state. Catalan, which is called Valencian in the Valencian Community, Galician, Basque and Aranese are co-official in their regions, and ISO 3166-2 records names in the first three. For Catalonia and the Balearic Islands the Catalan name is the main entry; for Navarre and the Basque Country the Basque name is printed beside the Spanish one.

The ISO list for Spain was rebuilt twice. In 2002 the Balearic Islands moved from ES-PM, which the province kept, to ES-IB. In 2010 Asturias, Cantabria, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia and Navarre left the one-letter or two-letter codes of their provinces for codes of their own, so Madrid the province is still ES-M and the community became ES-MD.

The flag has three horizontal bands, red, yellow and red, with the yellow band twice as tall as each red one, in the proportion 2:3. Royal Decree 1511/1977 places the coat of arms on the yellow band at a height of two fifths of the hoist, its axis half the flag's height from the hoist. The drawing on this page leaves the arms out.

10 · Questions

Questions about Spain's names and codes

What is the official name of Spain?

Reino de España, Kingdom of Spain. The short form is España.

What is Spain called in Malay?

Sepanyol. Indonesian writes Spanyol, and both spell the name with Sp- where Spanish has Esp-.

What are the ISO codes of Spain?

ES (alpha-2), ESP (alpha-3) and 724 (numeric). The communities run from ES-AN for Andalucía to ES-VC for the Valencian Community.

Why does Madrid have two ISO codes?

ES-MD is the Community of Madrid and ES-M is the province of Madrid. They cover the same territory, and since 2010 each level has its own code.

What was Madrid called in Arabic?

مجريط (Maǧrīṭ). Modern Arabic writes the city مدريد (Madrīd).