Country · GE
Georgia, Tbilisi, Abkhazia and South Ossetia in other languages
Georgia is საქართველო, Saḳarṭvelo, in Georgian and is coded GE, GEO and 268 in ISO 3166-1. This page gives the name in 176 languages, Tbilisi in 74, Abkhazia and South Ossetia in more than a hundred each, and the twelve first-level units with their centres.
Official languagesGeorgian (ქართული, ḳarṭuli); Abkhaz (аԥсшәа, aṗsšwa) in Abkhazia
Checked
ISO 3166-1alpha-2 · alpha-3 · numeric
- alpha-2
- GE
- alpha-3
- GEO
- numeric
- 268
საქართველო
Georgian · GeorgianRomanised Saḳarṭvelo
საქართველოSaḳarṭvelo
Қырҭтәыла
Abkhaz · CyrillicRomanised Ḳyrṭtwyla
- English
- GeorgiaGeorgia
- Capital
- თბილისიṬbilisi · Tbilisi
ISO 3166-1, checked 28 October 2026. Since the constitution of 1995 the official name is simply Georgia. Flag after the Wikimedia Commons drawing: a red cross with four smaller crosses on white, proportion 2:3.
Georgia in other languages: list of exonyms
| Languages | ISO 639 | Name | Romanised |
|---|---|---|---|
| English, Welsh, Basque, Faroese, Kven, Interlingua, Indonesian, Italian, Javanese, Latin, Lingala, Ladin, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Romansh, Romanian, Northern Sami, Spanish, Sardinian, Swahili | eng / cym / eus / fao / fkv / ina / ind / ita / jav / lat / lin / lld / nor / nov / oci / roh / ron / sme / spa / srd / swa | Georgia | same as written |
| Croatian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovenian | hrv / lav / lit / slv | Gruzija | same as written |
| Afrikaans, Limburgish, Dutch | afr / lim / nld | Georgië | same as written |
| Danish, Saterland Frisian, Swedish | dan / stq / swe | Georgien | same as written |
| German, Luxembourgish, Low German | deu / ltz / nds | Georgien | same as written |
| Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian | dsb / hsb | Georgiska | same as written |
| Estonian, Finnish | est / fin | Gruusia, Georgia | same as written |
| Gagauz, Karakalpak | gag / kaa | Gruziya / Грузия | Gruziya |
| Jersey Norman French, Norman French | jnf / nrm | Georgie | same as written |
| Kinyarwanda, Rundi | kin / run | Jorji | same as written |
| Aragonese | arg | Cheorchia | same as written |
| Asturian | ast | Xorxa | same as written |
| Aymara | aym | Kiyorxiya | same as written |
| Azerbaijani | aze | Gürcüstan / Ҝүрҹүстан | Gürcüstan |
| Bambara | bam | Zeyɔrizi | same as written |
| Bosnian | bos | Gruzija / Грузија / غرۆزٖىيا | Gruzija |
| Breton | bre | Jorjia | same as written |
| Catalan | cat | Geòrgia | same as written |
| Czech | ces | Gruzie | same as written |
| Cornish | cor | Pow Grousi | same as written |
| Crimean Tatar | crh | Gürcistan / Гюрджистан | Gürcistan |
| Kashubian | csb | Grëzóńskô | same as written |
| Esperanto | epo | Kartvelujo, Kartvelio | same as written |
| French | fra | Géorgie | same as written |
| Franco-Provençal | frp | Jôrg·ie | same as written |
| West Frisian | fry | Geörgje | same as written |
| Friulian | fur | Gjeorgjie, Georgie | same as written |
| Scottish Gaelic | gla | Seòirsia | same as written |
| Irish | gle | An tSeoirsia | same as written |
| Galician | glg | Xeorxia | same as written |
| Manx | glv | Yn Çhorshey | same as written |
| Haitian Creole | hat | Jeoji | same as written |
| Hungarian | hun | Grúzia | same as written |
| Igbo | ibo | Jọjia | same as written |
| Icelandic | isl | Georgía | same as written |
| Kurmanji Kurdish | kur | Gurcistan | same as written |
| Malagasy | mlg | Zeorzia | same as written |
| Maltese | mlt | Ġeorġja | same as written |
| Moldovan | mol | Georgia / Ӂеорӂия, Gruzia / Грузия | Georgia, Gruzia |
| Maori | mri | Hōria | same as written |
| Malay | msa | Georgia / جورجيا | Georgia |
| Nahuatl | nah | Xeorxitlān | same as written |
| Polish | pol | Gruzja | same as written |
| Portuguese | por | Geórgia | same as written |
| Quechua | que | Qhiyurqya | same as written |
| Kalderash Romani | rmy | Jorjiya / जोर्जिया | Jorjiya |
| Aromanian | rup | Gheorgia, Gheorghia | same as written |
| Sicilian | scn | Giorgia | same as written |
| Slovak | slk | Gruzínsko | same as written |
| Slovio | slo | Gruzinia / Грузиниа | Gruzinia |
| Samogitian | smg | Grozėjė | same as written |
| Samoan | smo | Siaosia | same as written |
| Somali | som | Joorjiya, Gruusiiniya | same as written |
| Albanian | sqi | Gjeorgjia | same as written |
| Tetum | tet | Jeórjia | same as written |
| Tagalog | tgl | Heorhiya | same as written |
| Talysh | tly | Gırciston / Гырҹистон | Gırciston |
| Turkmen | tuk | Gürjüstan / Гүрҗүстан, Gruziýa / Грузия | Gürjüstan, Gruziýa |
| Turkish | tur | Gürcistan | same as written |
| Uzbek | uzb | Gurjiston / Гуржистон / گۇرجىستان, Gruziya / Грузия / گرۇزىيە | Gurjiston, Gruziya |
| Veps | vep | Gruzii | same as written |
| Vietnamese | vie | Giê-óc-gi-a, Gru-di-a | same as written |
| Volapük | vol | Georgän | same as written |
| Võro | vor | Gruusia | same as written |
| Walloon | wln | Djeyordjeye | same as written |
| Wolof | wol | Jeoorji | same as written |
| Zazaki | zza | Gurcıstan | same as written |
| Old Church Slavonic | chu | Гєѡргі́ꙗ | Geōrgī́ja |
| Abaza, Altai, Bulgarian, Khakas, Komi, Kumyk, Russian, Yakut, Tuvan, Udmurt, Kalmyk | abq / alt / bul / kjh / kom / kum / rus / sah / tyv / udm / xal | Грузия | Gruzija |
| Avar, Tabassaran | ava / tab | Гуржистан, Грузия | Guržistan, Gruzija |
| Rusyn, Ukrainian | rue / ukr | Ґрузія | Gruzija |
| Abkhaz | abk | Қырҭтәыла | Ḳyrṭtwyla |
| Adyghe | ady | Курджы | Kurdžy |
| Avar | ava | Гуржи, Хъизихъ | Gurži, Q̄iziq̄ |
| Bashkir | bak | Грузия / Gruziya | Gruziya |
| Belarusian | bel | Грузія / Hruzija | Hruzija |
| Chechen | che | Грузи / Gruzi | Gruzi |
| Chuvash | chv | Грузи | Gruzi |
| Ingush | inh | Гуржи, Гуржий мохк, Грузия | Gurži, Guržij moȟk, Gruzija |
| Kazakh | kaz | Гүржістан / گۇرجىستان / Gürjistan, Грузия / گرۋزيا / Grwzïya | Gürjistan, Grwzïya |
| Kabardian | kbd | Курджы, Грузиэ | Kurdžy, Gruziă |
| Kyrgyz | kir | Грузия / گرۇزىيا / Gruziya | Gruziya |
| Kurdish (Caucasus, Cyrillic) | kmr | Гӧрщьстан / Gurcistan, Гӧрщистан / Gurcîstan | Gurcistan, Gurcîstan |
| Karachay-Balkar | krc | Гюрджю | Gürdžü |
| Lak | lbe | Гуржисттан, Грузия | Guržisttan, Gruzija |
| Lezgi | lez | Гуржистан | Guržistan |
| Meadow Mari | mhr | Грузий | Gruzij |
| Macedonian | mkd | Грузија | Gruzija |
| Mongolian | mon | Гүрж | Gürǰ |
| Ossetian | oss | Гуырдзыстон | Guyrdzyston |
| Serbian | srp | Грузија / Gruzija | Gruzija |
| Tatar | tat | Грузия / Gruziä / گرۇزىيە | Gruziä |
| Tajik | tgk | Гурҷистон / گرجستان / Gurçiston | Gurçiston |
| Arabic | ara | جورجيا, جيورجيا | Ǧūrǧiyā, Ǧiyūrǧiyā |
| South Azerbaijani | azb | گورجوستان / Gürcüstan | Gürcüstan |
| Sorani Kurdish | ckb | گورجستان / Gurcistan, جۆرجیا / Corciya, گۆرجستان / Gorcistan, گورجیا / Gurciya | Gurcistan, Corciya, Gorcistan, Gurciya |
| Persian | fas | گرجستان / Gorjestân | Gorjestân |
| Western Punjabi | pnb | جورجیا | Jōrjiyā |
| Dari | prs | گورجستان, جورجیا | Gōrjestān, Jōrjiyā |
| Pashto | pus | ګورجستان, ګرجستان, جورجيا | Gōrjistān, Gurjistān, Jōrjiyā |
| Uyghur | uig | گرۇزىيە / Gruziye / Грузия, گۈرجىستان / Gürjistan / Гүрҗистан | Gruziye, Gürjistan |
| Urdu | urd | جورجیا, جارجیا | Jōrjiyā, Jārjiyā |
| Dhivehi | div | ޖޯޖިއާ | Jōjiā |
| Syriac | syr | ܓܘܪܓܝܐ | Gōrgiyā |
| Hebrew | heb | גרוזיה, גאורגיה | Grūzyah, Geʾōrgyah |
| Ladino | lad | גﬞיאורגﬞיה / Djeordjia | Djeordjia |
| Yiddish | yid | גרוזיע | Gruzye |
| Kabyle | kab | ⵊⵓⵔⵊⵢⴰ / Jorjya | Jorjya |
| Amharic | amh | ጆርጂያ, ጄዮርጂያ | Jorjiya, Jeyorjiya |
| Greek | ell | Γεωργία | Geōrgía |
| Armenian | hye | Վրաստան | Vrastan |
| Georgian | kat | საქართველო | Saḳarṭvelo |
| Laz | lzz | ოქორთურა / Okortura | Okortura |
| Mingrelian | xmf | საქორთუო | Saḳorṭuo |
| Hindi | hin | जोर्जिया, गुर्जीस्तान, जॉर्जिया, जार्जिया | Jorjiyā, Gurjīstān, Jŏrjiyā, Jārjiyā |
| Bengali | ben | জর্জিয়া | Jôrjiyā |
| Gujarati | guj | જૉર્જિયા | Jŏrjiyā |
| Oriya | ori | ଜର୍ଜିଆ | Jôrjiā |
| Punjabi | pan | ਜਾਰਜੀਆ | Jārjīā |
| Sinhala | sin | ජෝර්ජියාව | Jōrjiyāva |
| Kannada | kan | ಜಾರ್ಜಿಯ | Jārjiya |
| Malayalam | mal | ജോര്ജിയ | Jōrjiya |
| Tamil | tam | ஜோர்ஜியா, ஜார்ஜியா | Jōrjiyā, Jārjiyā |
| Telugu | tel | జార్జియా | Jārjiyā |
| Chinese | zho | 格魯吉亞/格鲁吉亚 | Gélǔjíyà |
| Japanese | jpn | グルジア | Gurujia |
| Korean | kor | 그루지야 | Geurujiya |
| Tibetan | bod | ཇིཨོར་ཇི་ཡ། | Ji'or.ji.ya |
| Burmese | mya | ဂျော်ဂျီယာ | Jɔjiya |
| Thai | tha | จอร์เจีย | Čɔ̄[r]čiya |
| Lao | lao | ເຊອ້ອກເຊຍ | Sē'óksiya |
| Khmer | khm | ហ្សកហ្ស៊ី, ចចចា | Hsokhsī, Čoččā |
Several languages give two or three forms; the first is the one in common use. Uzbek, Tatar and Bosnian forms appear in each script the language uses.
02 · NamesU+10E5 GEORGIAN LETTER KHAR
Sakartvelo, Georgia, Gruzija: where the names come from
Georgians call their country საქართველო, Saḳarṭvelo. The circumfix sa-…-o marks the place where a people lives, and the people are the ḳarṭveli, originally the inhabitants of Kartli, the central region that classical writers called Iberia. The word Georgia has a different history. It appears in Italian on Pietro Vesconte’s world map of 1320, and like Gurcistan, Gruzija and Vrastan it is traced back to the Persian name of the Georgians, gorǧān.
The exonyms in the table fall into four families. Western Europe writes Georgia, Géorgie or Georgien. The Turkic and Persian-influenced languages have Gürcüstan, Gürcistan or گرجستان, Gorjestân. Russian and many languages that borrowed from it use Грузия, Gruzija; since 2005 the Georgian government has campaigned for other names to replace it abroad. Armenian alone has a name of its own, Վրաստան, Vrastan.
Tbilisi means warm place, after the sulphur springs of the old town. Until 1936 the city was Tiflis in Russian and most other languages, following the Persian form; Georgian itself said ტფილისი, Ṭpilisi. Many languages switched to the new spelling, but Turkish, Asturian and Aragonese still write Tiflis, Persian تفلیس, and Armenian lists Տփխիս next to Թբիլիսի.
Tbilisi in other languages
| Languages | ISO 639 | Name | Romanised |
|---|---|---|---|
| English, Latvian | eng / lav | Tbilisi | same as written |
| Aragonese, Asturian, Aromanian, Turkish | arg / ast / rup / tur | Tiflis | same as written |
| German, Luxembourgish, Low German | deu / ltz / nds | Tiflis, Tbilissi | same as written |
| French, Occitan | fra / oci | Tbilissi | same as written |
| Lithuanian, Samogitian | lit / smg | Tbilisis | same as written |
| Moldovan, Turkmen | mol / tuk | Tbilisi / Тбилиси | Tbilisi |
| Azerbaijani | aze | Tiflis / Тифлис, Tbilisi / Тбилиси | Tiflis, Tbilisi |
| Bosnian | bos | Tbilisi / Тбилиси / تبٖىلٖىسٖى | Tbilisi |
| Esperanto | epo | Tifliso | same as written |
| Irish | gle | Tbilisi | same as written |
| Hungarian | hun | Tbiliszi | same as written |
| Icelandic | isl | Tíblisi | same as written |
| Kurmanji Kurdish | kur | Tiflîs, Tiblîsî | same as written |
| Latin | lat | Tiphlis, Typhlis | same as written |
| Malay | msa | Tbilisi / تبيليسي | Tbilisi |
| Spanish | spa | Tiflis, Tbilisi | same as written |
| Uzbek | uzb | Tbilisi / Тбилиси / تبىلىسى | Tbilisi |
| Zazaki | zza | Tıblis | same as written |
| Bulgarian, Russian | bul / rus | Тбилиси, Тифлис | Tbilisi, Tiflis |
| Bashkir, Serbian | bak / srp | Тбилиси / Tbilisi | Tbilisi |
| Abkhaz | abk | Қарҭ | Ḳarṭ |
| Avar | ava | Тулпис | Tulpis |
| Belarusian | bel | Тбілісі / Tbilisi | Tbilisi |
| Chechen | che | Гуьржех / Gürƶex, Тбилиси / Tbilisi | Gürƶex, Tbilisi |
| Ingush | inh | Гуржегӏе | Guržeġe |
| Kazakh | kaz | Тбилиси / تبيليسي / Tbïlïsï | Tbïlïsï |
| Kyrgyz | kir | Тбилиси / تبئلىسى / Tbilisi | Tbilisi |
| Lak | lbe | Ттуплис | Ttuplis |
| Mongolian | mon | Тбилис | Tbilis |
| Ossetian | oss | Калак, Тбилиси | Kalak, Tbilisi |
| Tabassaran | tab | Тифлис | Tiflis |
| Tatar | tat | Тифлис / Tiflis / تىفلىس | Tiflis |
| Tajik | tgk | Тифлис / تفلیس / Tiflis, Тбилиси / تبیلیسی / Tbilisi | Tiflis, Tbilisi |
| Ukrainian | ukr | Тбілісі | Tbilisi |
| Arabic | ara | تبليسي, تفليس, تبيليسي, تيبليسي | Tiblīsī, Tiflīs, Tibīlīsī, Tīblīsī |
| South Azerbaijani | azb | تیفلیس / Tiflis, تبیلیسی / Tbilisi | Tiflis, Tbilisi |
| Sorani Kurdish | ckb | تەفلیس / Teflîs | Teflîs |
| Persian | fas | تفلیس / Teflis | Teflis |
| Pashto | pus | تفليس | Tiflīs |
| Uyghur | uig | تىبلىس / Tiblis / Тбилиси | Tiblis |
| Urdu | urd | تبلیسی | Tiblīsī |
| Syriac | syr | ܛܒܝܠܝܣܝ | Ṭibīlīsī |
| Hebrew | heb | טביליסי, טיפליס | Ṭbīlīsī, Ṭīflīs |
| Yiddish | yid | טביליסי | Tbilisi |
| Amharic | amh | ትቢሊሲ, ትብሊሲ | Təbilisi, Təblisi |
| Greek (Demotic) | ell-dhi | Τιφλίδα, Τυφλίδα | Tiflída, Tyflída |
| Greek (Katharevousa) | ell-kat | Τιφλίς, Τυφλίς | Tiflís, Tyflís |
| Armenian | hye | Թիֆլիս, Տփխիս, Թբիլիսի | T̕iflis, Tp̕xis, T̕bilisi |
| Georgian | kat | თბილისი | Ṭbilisi |
| Mingrelian | xmf | ქართი | Ḳarṭi |
| Hindi | hin | तिबलिसी, थ्बिलीसी | Tiblisī, Tʰbilīsī |
| Nepali | nep | बिलिसी | Bilisī |
| Bengali | ben | ত্বিলিসি, টিবলিসি, তিবিলিসি | Tbilisi, Ṭiblisi, Tibilisi |
| Punjabi | pan | ਤਬੀਲੀਸੀ | Tbīlīsī |
| Kannada | kan | ತ್ಬಿಲಿಸಿ | Tbilisi |
| Malayalam | mal | ടിബിലീസി | Ṭibilīsi |
| Tamil | tam | திபிலீசி, டிபிலீஸி, டிபிலிஸி | Tipilīci, Ṭipilīsi, Ṭipilisi |
| Telugu | tel | బిలిసి | Bilisi |
| Chinese | zho | 第比利斯 | Dìbǐlìsī |
| Japanese | jpn | トビリシ | Tobirishi |
| Korean | kor | 트빌리시 | Teubillisi |
| Thai | tha | ทบิลิซี, ทบิลิซิ | Tʰabilisī, Tʰabilisi |
| Khmer | khm | ប៊ីលីស៊ី | Bīlīsī |
Where a language lists Tiflis or a similar form next to Tbilisi, the older name is still in use in that language.
Regions, autonomous republics and the capital of Georgia
ISO 3166-2:GE lists twelve first-level units: the autonomous republics of Abkhazia and Adjara, nine regions (მხარე, mȟare) and the capital Tbilisi. Each appears here in Georgian with a transliteration and the administrative centre.
| ISO 3166-2 | Georgian | English | Administrative centre | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autonomous republics ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკები avtonomiuri respublikebi2 | ||||
| GE-AB | აფხაზეთის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკაAṗȟazeṭis avtonomiuri respublika | Abkhazia | სოხუმიSoȟumi | |
| GE-AJ | აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკაAčaris avtonomiuri respublika | Adjara | ბათუმიBaṭumi | |
| Regions მხარეები mȟareebi9 | ||||
| GE-GU | გურიის მხარეGuriis mȟare | Guria | ოზურგეთიOzurgeṭi | |
| GE-IM | იმერეთის მხარეImereṭis mȟare | Imereti | ქუთაისიḲuṭaisi | |
| GE-KA | კახეთის მხარეKaȟeṭis mȟare | Kakheti | თელავიṬelavi | |
| GE-KK | ქვემო ქართლის მხარეḲvemo Ḳarṭlis mȟare | Kvemo Kartli | რუსთავიRusṭavi | |
| GE-MM | მცხეთა-მთიანეთის მხარეMc̣ȟeṭa-Mṭianeṭis mȟare | Mtskheta-Mtianeti | მცხეთაMc̣ȟeṭa | |
| GE-RL | რაჭა-ლეჩხუმის და ქვემო სვანეთის მხარეRača-Leč̣ȟumis da Ḳvemo Svaneṭis mȟare | Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti | ამბროლაურიAmbrolauri | |
| GE-SZ | სამეგრელო-ზემო სვანეთის მხარეSamegrelo-Zemo Svaneṭis mȟare | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti | ზუგდიდიZugdidi | |
| GE-SJ | სამცხე-ჯავახეთის მხარეSamc̣ȟe-J̌avaȟeṭis mȟare | Samtskhe-Javakheti | ახალციხეAȟalc̣iȟe | |
| GE-SK | შიდა ქართლის მხარეŠida Ḳarṭlis mȟare | Shida Kartli | გორიGori | |
| City ქალაქი ḳalaḳi1 | ||||
| GE-TB | ქალაქი თბილისიḲalaḳi Ṭbilisi | Tbilisi | თბილისიṬbilisi | |
Codes and categories: ISO 3166-2:GE on the ISO Online Browsing Platform, read from the Wikipedia table that reproduces it, checked 28 October 2026. The layout dates from Newsletter I-2 of 21 May 2002; Newsletter I-9 of 28 November 2007 only added diacritics. ISO lists Abkhazia as GE-AB. South Ossetia has no entry of its own in ISO 3166-2:GE.
The municipalities of every region in Georgian, Abkhaz, Mingrelian, Ossetian and Russian
Abkhazia in other languages
| Languages | ISO 639 | Name | Romanised |
|---|---|---|---|
| English, Basque, Galician, Manx, Indonesian, Javanese, Swahili, Vietnamese | eng / eus / glg / glv / ind / jav / swa / vie | Abkhazia | same as written |
| Welsh, Italian, Latin | cym / ita / lat | Abcasia | same as written |
| German, Luxembourgish, Low German | deu / ltz / nds | Abchasien | same as written |
| Aragonese, Finnish | arg / fin | Abhasia | same as written |
| Crimean Tatar, Gagauz | crh / gag | Abhaziya / Абхазия | Abhaziya |
| French, Franco-Provençal | fra / frp | Abkhazie | same as written |
| Croatian, Slovenian | hrv / slv | Abhazija | same as written |
| Romanian, Albanian | ron / sqi | Abhazia | same as written |
| Afrikaans | afr | Abchasië | same as written |
| Azerbaijani | aze | Abxaziya / Абхазија | Abxaziya |
| Bosnian | bos | Abhazija / Абхазија / آبحازٖىيا | Abhazija |
| Breton | bre | Abc’hazia | same as written |
| Catalan | cat | Abkhàzia | same as written |
| Czech | ces | Abcházie | same as written |
| Danish | dan | Abkhasien | same as written |
| Esperanto | epo | Abĥazio, Abĥazujo | same as written |
| Estonian | est | Abhaasia | same as written |
| West Frisian | fry | Abkaazje | same as written |
| Irish | gle | An Abcáis / An Abcáis | same as written |
| Manx | glv | Yn Abcaaish | same as written |
| Haitian Creole | hat | Abkazi | same as written |
| Hungarian | hun | Abházia | same as written |
| Icelandic | isl | Abkasía | same as written |
| Kurmanji Kurdish | kur | Abxaziya | same as written |
| Latvian | lav | Abhāzija | same as written |
| Lithuanian | lit | Abchazija | same as written |
| Moldovan | mol | Abhazia / Абхазия | Abhazia |
| Malay | msa | Abkhazia / ابخازيا | Abkhazia |
| Dutch | nld | Abchazië | same as written |
| Norwegian | nor | Abkhasia | same as written |
| Novial | nov | Abkasia | same as written |
| Occitan | oci | Abcazia | same as written |
| Polish | pol | Abchazja | same as written |
| Portuguese | por | Abecásia, Abcásia | same as written |
| Sicilian | scn | Abkhàzzia, Abkàzzia | same as written |
| Slovak | slk | Abcházsko | same as written |
| Samogitian | smg | Abkazėjė | same as written |
| Spanish | spa | Abjasia | same as written |
| Swedish | swe | Abchazien | same as written |
| Silesian | szl | Abchazyjo | same as written |
| Tagalog | tgl | Abkasya | same as written |
| Turkmen | tuk | Abhaziýa / Абхазия | Abhaziýa |
| Turkish | tur | Abhazya | same as written |
| Uzbek | uzb | Abxaziya / Абхазия / ئەبخەزىيە | Abxaziya |
| Volapük | vol | Labkasän | same as written |
| Old Church Slavonic | chu | Абхаꙁі́ꙗ | Abȟazī́ja |
| Avar, Bulgarian, Komi, Russian, Yakut, Udmurt, Kalmyk | ava / bul / kom / rus / sah / udm / xal | Абхазия | Abȟazija |
| Chuvash, Ossetian | chv / oss | Абхази | Abȟazi |
| Abkhaz | abk | Аԥсны | Aṗsny |
| Abaza | abq | Апсны | Apsny |
| Bashkir | bak | Абхазия / Abxaziya | Abxaziya |
| Belarusian | bel | Абхазія / Abchazija | Abchazija |
| Chechen | che | Абхази / Abxazi | Abxazi |
| Kazakh | kaz | Абхазия / ابحازيا / Abxazïya | Abxazïya |
| Kabardian | kbd | Азгъей, Апхъаз | Azġej, Apħaz |
| Kyrgyz | kir | Абхазия / ابحازىيا / Abhaziya | Abhaziya |
| Karachay-Balkar | krc | Хачыпсы, Абхазия | Ȟačypsy, Abȟazija |
| Lak | lbe | Абхаз | Abħaz |
| Meadow Mari | mhr | Абхазий | Abȟazij |
| Macedonian | mkd | Апхазија | Apȟazija |
| Mongolian | mon | Абхаз | Abȟaz |
| Serbian | srp | Абхазија / Abhazija | Abhazija |
| Tabassaran | tab | Абхазистан | Abħazistan |
| Tatar | tat | Абхазия / Abxaziä / ئابخازىيە | Abxaziä |
| Tajik | tgk | Абхозия / ابحازیه / Abxozija | Abxozija |
| Ukrainian | ukr | Абхазія | Abȟazija |
| Arabic | ara | أبخازيا | Abḫāziyā |
| South Azerbaijani | azb | آبخازییا / Abxaziya | Abxaziya |
| Sorani Kurdish | ckb | ئابخازیا / Abxaziya | Abxaziya |
| Persian | fas | آبخاز / Âbxâz, آبخازیه / Âbxâziye | Âbxâz, Âbxâziye |
| Uyghur | uig | ئابخازىيە / Abxaziye / Абхазия | Abxaziye |
| Urdu | urd | ابخازیا | Abḫāziyā |
| Hebrew | heb | אבחזיה | Abḥazyah |
| Yiddish | yid | אַבכאַזיע | Abḫazye |
| Kabyle | kab | ⴰⴱⵅⴰⵣⵢⴰ / Abxazya | Abxazya |
| Greek (Demotic) | ell-dhi | Αμπχαζία | Ampȟazía |
| Greek (Katharevousa) | ell-kat | Ἀμπχαζία | Ampȟazía |
| Armenian | hye | Աբխազիա | Abxazia |
| Georgian, Mingrelian | kat / xmf | აფხაზეთი | Aṗȟazeṭi |
| Laz | lzz | აფხაზია / Apxazia | Apxazia |
| Hindi | hin | अबखाजिया | Abkʰājiyā |
| Marathi | mar | अबखाझिया | Abkʰādzʰiyā |
| Bengali | ben | আবখাজিয়া | Ābkʰājiyā |
| Sinhala | sin | අබ්ගාසියාව | Abgāsiyāva |
| Malayalam | mal | അബ്ഖാസിയ | Abkʰāsiya |
| Tamil | tam | அப்காசியா | Apkāciyā |
| Telugu | tel | అబ్ఖజియా | Abkʰajiyā |
| Chinese | zho | 阿布哈茲/阿布哈兹 | Ābùhǎzī |
| Japanese | jpn | アブハジア | Abuhajia |
| Korean | kor | 압하지야 | Aphajiya |
| Thai | tha | อับฮาเซีย | Âphāsiya |
South Ossetia in other languages
| Languages | ISO 639 | Name | Romanised |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | eng | South Ossetia | same as written |
| Danish, Swedish | dan / swe | Sydossetien | same as written |
| German, Luxembourgish | deu / ltz | Südossetien | same as written |
| Croatian, Slovenian | hrv / slv | Južna Osetija | same as written |
| Afrikaans | afr | Suid-Ossetië | same as written |
| Aragonese | arg | Osetia d’o Sud | same as written |
| Azerbaijani | aze | Cənubi Osetiya / Ҹәнуби Осетија | Cənubi Osetiya |
| Bosnian | bos | Južna Osetija / Јужна Осетија / يۆژنا ۉسەتٖىيا | Južna Osetija |
| Breton | bre | Osetia ar Su | same as written |
| Catalan | cat | Ossètia del Sud | same as written |
| Czech | ces | Jižní Osetie | same as written |
| Cornish | cor | Ossety Dhehow | same as written |
| Crimean Tatar | crh | Cenübiy Osetiya / Дженюбий Осетия | Cenübiy Osetiya |
| Welsh | cym | De Ossetia | same as written |
| Esperanto | epo | Sud-Osetio, Sud-Osetujo | same as written |
| Estonian | est | Lõuna-Osseetia | same as written |
| Basque | eus | Hego Osetia | same as written |
| Faroese | fao | Suðurossetia | same as written |
| Finnish | fin | Etelä-Ossetia | same as written |
| French | fra | Ossétie du Sud | same as written |
| Franco-Provençal | frp | Ossètie du Sud | same as written |
| Gagauz | gag | Üülen Osetiya / Ӱӱлен Осетия | Üülen Osetiya |
| Irish | gle | An Oiséit Theas / An Oiséit Ṫeas | same as written |
| Galician | glg | Osetia do Sur | same as written |
| Manx | glv | Ossetia Yiass | same as written |
| Hungarian | hun | Dél-Oszétia | same as written |
| Indonesian | ind | Ossetia Selatan | same as written |
| Icelandic | isl | Suður-Ossetía | same as written |
| Italian | ita | Ossezia del Sud | same as written |
| Javanese | jav | Ossetia Kidul | same as written |
| Kurmanji Kurdish | kur | Osêtiyaya Başûr | same as written |
| Latvian | lav | Dienvidosetija | same as written |
| Lithuanian | lit | Pietų Osetija | same as written |
| Maltese | mlt | Ossezja t’Isfel | same as written |
| Moldovan | mol | Osetia de Sud / Осетия де Суд | Osetia de Sud |
| Malay | msa | Ossetia Selatan / اوسيتيا سلاتن | Ossetia Selatan |
| Nahuatl | nah | Osetia Huitztlāmpa | same as written |
| Low German | nds | Süüdossetien | same as written |
| Dutch | nld | Zuid-Ossetië | same as written |
| Norwegian | nor | Sør-Ossetia | same as written |
| Novial | nov | Sud Osetia | same as written |
| Polish | pol | Osetia Południowa | same as written |
| Portuguese | por | Ossétia do Sul | same as written |
| Romanian | ron | Osetia de Sud | same as written |
| Sicilian | scn | Ossezzia dû Sud | same as written |
| Slovak | slk | Južné Osetsko | same as written |
| Samogitian | smg | Pėitū Uosetėjė | same as written |
| Spanish | spa | Osetia del Sur | same as written |
| Albanian | sqi | Osetia Jugore | same as written |
| Swahili | swa | Ossetia ya Kusini | same as written |
| Silesian | szl | Uosetyjo Pouedńowo | same as written |
| Tagalog | tgl | Timog Ossetia | same as written |
| Turkmen | tuk | Günorta Osetiýa / Гүнорта Осетия | Günorta Osetiýa |
| Turkish | tur | Güney Osetya | same as written |
| Uzbek | uzb | Janubiy Osetiya / Жанубий Осетия / جەنۇبىي ئاسېتىيە | Janubiy Osetiya |
| Vietnamese | vie | Nam Ossetia | same as written |
| Volapük | vol | Sulüda-Losetän | same as written |
| Old Church Slavonic | chu | Ю́жьна Осєті́ꙗ | Júžĭna Osetī́ja |
| Abkhaz | abk | Аахыҵ Уаԥстәыла | Aaȟyc̣ Uaṗstwyla |
| Avar | ava | Бакъда Гьиристан | Baq̇da Hiristan |
| Bashkir | bak | Көньяҡ Осетия / Könyaķ Osetiya | Könyaķ Osetiya |
| Belarusian | bel | Паўднёвая Асеція / Paŭdniovaja Asiecija, Паўднёвая Асэтыя / Paŭdniovaja Asetyja | Paŭdniovaja Asiecija, Paŭdniovaja Asetyja |
| Bulgarian | bul | Южна Осетия | Južna Osetija |
| Chechen | che | Къилбера Хӏирийчоь / Q̇ilbera Hiriyçö | Q̇ilbera Hiriyçö |
| Chuvash | chv | Кӑнтӑр Осети | Kăntăr Oseti |
| Kazakh | kaz | Оңтүстік Осетия / وڭتۇستىك وسەتيا / Oñtüstik Osetïya | Oñtüstik Osetïya |
| Kyrgyz | kir | Түштүк Осетия / تۉشتۉك وسەتىيا / Tüştük Osetiya | Tüştük Osetiya |
| Komi | kom | Лунвыв Осетия | Lunvyv Osetija |
| Karachay-Balkar | krc | Къыбыла Тегей | Qybyla Tegej |
| Kumyk | kum | Къыбла Осетия | Qybla Osetija |
| Lak | lbe | Кьилвалул Осетия | Q̇ilwalul Osetija |
| Meadow Mari | mhr | Кечывалвел Осетий | Kečyvalvel Osetij |
| Macedonian | mkd | Јужна Осетија | Južna Osetija |
| Mongolian | mon | Өмнөд Осет, Өвөр Осет | Ömnöd Oset, Övör Oset |
| Ossetian | oss | Хуссар Ирыстон | Ȟussar Iryston |
| Russian | rus | Южная Осетия | Južnaja Osetija |
| Yakut | sah | Соҕуруу Осетия | Soġuruu Osetija |
| Serbian | srp | Јужна Осетија / Južna Osetija | Južna Osetija |
| Tabassaran | tab | Кьибла Осетия | Q̇ibla Osetija |
| Tatar | tat | Көньяк Осетия / Könyaq Osetiä / كۆنياق ئوسېتىيە | Könyaq Osetiä |
| Tajik | tgk | Осетияи Ҷанубӣ / آسیتیهٔ جنوبی / Osetijaji Çanubī | Osetijaji Çanubī |
| Udmurt | udm | Лымшор Осетия | Lymšor Osetija |
| Ukrainian | ukr | Південна Осетія | Pivdenna Osetija |
| Kalmyk | xal | Өмн үзгин Осетия | Ömn üzgin Osetija |
| Arabic | ara | أوسيتيا الجنوبية, أوستيا الجنوبية | Ūsītiyā l-Ǧanūbiyâ, Ūsitiyā l-Ǧanūbiyâ |
| South Azerbaijani | azb | جنوبی اوسئتییا / Cənubi Osetiya | Cənubi Osetiya |
| Sorani Kurdish | ckb | ئۆسێتیایا باشوور / Osêtiyay Başûr | Osêtiyay Başûr |
| Persian | fas | اوستیای جنوبی / Osetiyâye Janubi | Osetiyâye Janubi |
| Uyghur | uig | جەنۇبىي ئوسېتىيە / Jenubiy Osétiye / Җәнубий Осетия | Jenubiy Osétiye |
| Urdu | urd | جنوبی اوسیتیا | Janūbī Ōsētiyā |
| Hebrew | heb | דרום אוסטיה | Dərōm Ōseṭyah |
| Yiddish | yid | דרום אָסעטיע | Dorem Osetye |
| Amharic | amh | ደቡብ ኦሴቲያ | Däbub Osetiya |
| Greek (Demotic) | ell-dhi | Νότια Οσετία | Nótia Osetía |
| Greek (Katharevousa) | ell-kat | Νὸτια Ὀσετία | Nòtia Osetía |
| Armenian | hye | Հարավային Օսեթիա, Հարավային Օսիա | Haravayin Ôset̕ia, Haravayin Ôsia |
| Georgian | kat | სამხრეთი ოსეთი | Samȟreṭi Oseṭi |
| Laz | lzz | ომჟორე ოსეთია / Omjore Osetia | Omjore Osetia |
| Mingrelian | xmf | ობჟათე ოსეთი | Obžaṭe Oseṭi |
| Marathi | mar | दक्षिण ओसेशिया | Dakšiṇ Oseŝiyā |
| Sinhala | sin | දකුණු ඔසේටියාව | Dakuṇu Osēṭiyāva |
| Kannada | kan | ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಒಸ್ಸೆಟಿಯ | Dakṣiṇa Osseṭiya |
| Tamil | tam | தெற்கு ஒசேத்தியா | Teṛku Ocēttiyā |
| Chinese | zho | 南奧塞梯/南奥塞梯 | Nán Àosètī |
| Japanese | jpn | 南オセチア | Minami Osechia |
| Korean | kor | 남오세티아 | Nam Osetia |
| Thai | tha | เซาท์ออสซีเชีย | Saw[tʰ] Ɔ̄tsīčʰiya |
| Khmer | khm | អូសសេទីខាងត្បូង | Ūssetī Kʰāṅtbūṅ |
07 · Status
Abkhazia and South Ossetia in ISO 3166-2
Abkhazia and South Ossetia each have an exonym list of their own above. Both have declared independence and are governed by de facto authorities. Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua and Syria recognise them as states; Georgia and the other members of the United Nations regard them as part of Georgia.
ISO 3166-2:GE follows Georgian administrative law. Abkhazia is one of the two autonomous republics, coded GE-AB, with the local variant Apkhazeti. South Ossetia has no code: the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was abolished in 1990, and Georgia counts the area as parts of the regions of Shida Kartli, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Imereti and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti. Its Ossetian name is Хуссар Ирыстон, Ȟussar Iryston, and the Abkhaz name of Abkhazia is Аԥсны, Aṗsny.
Georgian towns in Caucasus Kurdish
| Georgian | Romanised | Kurdish (Cyrillic / Latin) |
|---|---|---|
| ბათუმი | Baṭumi | Батуми / Batûmî |
| თბილისი | Ṭbilisi | Тбилиси / Tbîlîsî |
| თელავი | Ṭelavi | Тәлави / Telavî |
The Kurdish community of Georgia, mostly Yazidi, has written its language in both Cyrillic and Latin script.
09 · Anthem
Tavisupleba, the national anthem in Georgian
Tavisupleba (თავისუფლება, Freedom) has been the national anthem of Georgia since 2004. The Georgian words are by Davit Magradze; the music is adapted from themes by Zakaria Paliashvili.
10 · Questions
Questions about the names of Georgia
What is Georgia called in Georgian?
საქართველო, Saḳarṭvelo, the land of the Kartvelians. The official name is the same word; since 1995 the state is simply Georgia.
Why do Russian and other languages say Gruzija?
Gruzija, like Gürcistan, goes back to the Persian name of the Georgians. Since 2005 the Georgian government has campaigned for other forms to replace it.
Is Abkhazia in ISO 3166-2?
Yes. ISO 3166-2:GE lists Abkhazia as an autonomous republic with the code GE-AB. South Ossetia has no code of its own.
What did Tbilisi use to be called?
Tiflis, in Russian and most other languages until 1936. The Georgian form was ტფილისი, Ṭpilisi.